Range by David Epstein

There are two types of domains for building your careers.

Kind domains
Wicked domains

Kind domain	Wicked domain
“Kind” learning environments are domains in which instinctive pattern recognition is rewarded.	“Wicked” domains have complex, unclear or incomplete rules, patterns may not be recognizable
Feedback cycle is faster aiding the learning process	feedback is often delayed, inaccurate, or both.
Experience might led to expertise.	There is no guarantee whether experience will improve outcomes.
narrow specialization + expertise be helpful to solve problem	you need a range of tools and the ability to integrate ideas across domains.
Better suited for specialist	Better suited for Generalists
eg: golf and chess	eg: politics, entrepreneurship, research and finacial analysts.

Specialists is a person who focuses narrow field. Starting early is often necessary to become a specialist since the underlying rules don't change.
Generalists is a person who explorers many fields before committing to one. The biggest advantage he has is cross pollinates of ideas from other fields.
Based on the domain, you might either need to be specialist or generalist. The world needs both specialists and generalists to solve different kind of problems.
Our work and life preferences aren't fixed as we assume. We learn who we are through living, not beforehand.
As Moravec paradox suggest, Machines and humans have opposite strengthen and weakness. If we can codifiy it, machines can do it better than us. It is the ability to integrate broadly across domains differentiates us. In open ended real world problems, humans have a huge advantage over AI.
The best way to choose a field for building career, is through "sampling period". i.e., you try different things in and around your field of interest before narrowing down to one.
eg: Roger federer played a varied of sports before choosing to go professional on tennis.
Experiment to discover your possible selves. A short term, trial-and-error approach may be better for career success than following a fixed, long-term plan.
Exploration and switching are necessary to find a good match. Don’t be afraid to quit. Quitting isn’t an admission of failure. Quitting is an art that can learnt only by practice. Persistence for the sake of persistence is unwise.
Don't commit to anything in the future, by looking at the current options. Choose those that will give you the most promising range of options afterwards. Instead of working back from a goal, work from a promising situation.
Finding a field that suits you through test-and-find, and working hard will set you apart. From outside it might appear to be grit, but in reality, it is your strengthens aligned with the challenges. Late specialization > early head start.
Don’t feel behind. Everyone progresses at a different rate. Compare yourself to your yesterday's version.
Without knowing the domain which you operate in, general advice such as start early, narrow your focus and specialize soon are unhelpful.